Four agencies have wave sensors around Barbados; none publishes a live reading. Fluctus will moor three solar-powered buoys, Soup Bowl first in 2027, and publish every reading free, within minutes.
Buoys
3 + 1
Three sites, one spare
Phase 1, BBD
47.0K
USD 23,500
Three phases, BBD
99.5K
USD 49,700
Per year, BBD
33.0K
USD 16,500
What we will build
Three Sofar Spotter wave buoys outside the surf zone at Soup Bowl, Maycocks and South Point, one phase each between 2027 and mid-2028. Between them they read every swell that reaches the island, including the north swell that wraps down the west coast.
Why this equipment
In a year-long side-by-side study the Spotter matched a research-grade Datawell buoy to within 6 cm on significant wave height. 3 It costs about a tenth as much, deploys from a small boat and runs on solar power.
Who it serves
Surfers and international surf events, fisherfolk deciding whether to put to sea, charter and pleasure craft operators, the Coast Guard, coastal engineers and researchers. Every reading is published openly, at no cost to the public.
How it pays for itself
Launch costs are raised through crowdfunding, sponsorship and grants. Running costs are covered by named buoy partners and a paid data service for commercial users, while public access stays free for good.
What we are asking for
BBD 46,996 for Phase 1 now, toward a BBD 99,468 network, and letters of support from the organisations that will use the data.
What we need from government
Agreement in principle from the agencies that approve moorings and marine research in Barbadian waters.
02The gap
Forecasts without a measurement to check against.
Every public forecast for Barbados is a computer model. The readings that exist stay inside the agencies that collect them, so nobody on the water can check a forecast against the sea.
Global models are good in open ocean but weak over the last few kilometres, where swell bends around the island and meets the reef. Without a local reading nobody knows if a model runs high or low.
How swell reaches Barbados
North Atlantic storms send winter ground swell from the north; it wraps around North Point and down the west coast. Trade-wind swell from the east runs all year. Storms add south swell from June to November.
What that costs Barbados
Fishers and charter skippers rely on models alone. Surf events have no verified wave data. Rescues have no live sea state. Storm swells pass unconfirmed, and no open nearshore record exists for planning.
Swell windows, and the buoy that reads each
03The network
What Fluctus delivers.
Three buoys, one for each swell window, reporting the sea state every half hour to a public website and an open data feed.
Each buoy measures
Wave height
Significant, maximum
Wave period
Peak and mean
Wave direction
Direction and spread
Wave spectrum
Swell versus chop
Wind
Derived speed, direction
Sea temperature
To within 0.1 °C {2}
Air pressure
Early sign of weather
How the data reaches people
Sample values from a January morning. A new reading arrives every few seconds.
10:02
Soup Bowl
Updated just now
1.8m
Significant height · max 2.9 m
Period
12 s
From
ENE 68°
Wind
12 kn ENE
Water
27.4 °C
Pressure
1015.0 hPa
Last 3 hoursGood size for the Bowl
Your alerts
Height over 1.5 mNow
Period over 12 sNow
Maycocks
Phase 2 · 2027
South Point
Phase 3 · 2028
10:02
Last 24 hours
Updated just now
Significant height, mPeak 1.9 m
Latest readings
10:02:111.79 m12 sENE
Peak period, s8 to 12 s
Half-hourly readings, with the live point updating in between.
10:02
Swell
Updated just now
Swell from
68°
ENE
Peak period
12 s
Swell components
Ground swell1.5 m · 13 s · ENE
90% of the energy
Wind swell0.8 m · 6 s · E
10% of the energy
Energy by periodseconds
57911131517
The buoy separates each swell train by period and direction, so a long-period ground swell shows up under the wind chop.
The same numbers the page shows, free for anyone to read: forecasters, apps, researchers, lifeguards.
Illustration of the readings page with sample values: Soup Bowl 1.8 metres at 12 seconds from ENE, 10:02.
Reading the numbers
04Who benefits
Built for surfers. Useful to everyone on the water.
The same readings answer different questions for different people. That breadth is what makes the network worth funding publicly.
Surfers and surf events
The 2025 Barbados Surf Pro had 264 surfers entered, and the tourism authority put the previous edition's economic impact at about BBD 2.1 million. 11 Verified live conditions strengthen the island's standing as a surf destination.
Fisherfolk
About 260 vessels were active in 2025 as the fleet rebuilt after Hurricane Beryl, and the Fisheries Division is moving the fleet toward real-time ocean data. 12 Measured sea state helps decide when to go out.
Charter and pleasure craft
Catamaran cruises, dive boats, sport fishing charters and private yachts can check conditions on the exact coast they plan to work before leaving the dock, and adjust routes and timings to suit.
Coast Guard and emergency services
Live wave height and wind near an incident improve search planning and crew safety, and falling pressure gives early warning as storm systems approach the island.
Coastal management
Continuous nearshore records support beach erosion studies, coastal engineering and post-storm assessment, complementing the CZMU's existing deep-water programme.
Research and education
An open, long-term dataset for university research, school science projects and climate monitoring, collected and owned in Barbados, with the archive copied here.
Part 2 · Equipment and sites
05Choosing the equipment
Research-grade data at a fraction of the cost.
Three compact GPS buoys cost less than a third of one research-grade buoy and match its wave height within 6 cm; period and direction are less precise. The Port of Lyttelton in New Zealand has used one as its main offshore wave buoy since 2021. 14
Manufacturer figures; wind is derived from the waves. 2,17
06Site plan
One buoy for each swell window.
Atlantic swell hits the east coast year-round, winter ground swells arrive from the north and wrap down the west, and south swells reach the south coast. Each window gets its own measurement, in phase order; the west coast is read upstream at Maycocks.
01 · East
Soup Bowl
Phase 1, 2027 beta
02 · North
Maycocks
Phase 2, late 2027
03 · South
South Point
Phase 3, spring 2028
Indicative positions
Positions from the 1999 LiDAR survey, chapters 08 and 09; each is confirmed by a dive or drop camera. 27
Agreed with authorities
Confirmed with CZMU, Port and Fisheries; clear of the BMS and CIMH buoys.
07Site profiles
Three sites, four coasts covered.
Every buoy is moored on flat ground between 36 and 44 m, inside the 50 m a standard Spotter mooring is designed for. Positions are set from the government's 1999 LiDAR survey. 27 Sites are listed in phase order.
Where it sits
01 · Soup Bowl, depth contours
Steady slope to a broad terrace. The easiest site of the three.
Phase 1 · 2027 beta
Soup Bowl
Moored in
36 to 38 m, terrace beyond a steady slope
Offshore
1.5 to 1.8 km, north-east
Swell window
Trade-wind and winter swell, year-round
Serves
Surf events, east coast fishers
Worked from
Tent Bay or Consett Bay
Seabed from the break, looking north-east
Why here
The island's flagship wave and the cleanest read of Atlantic swell. The most exposed site, so it carries the heaviest mooring and goes in first to prove it.
The black dot is the break, the dashed line the profile, and orange the proposed mooring on flat ground. Each position is confirmed by a dive before the anchor goes down.
West coast · No buoy
Covered upstream
West coast surf is north swell that has already passed Maycocks, so buoy 02 reads it first. Local sea state is measured by BMS and the Port. 19,22 A Sandy Lane buoy stays a costed option, about BBD 26,236, south of the Folkestone reserve, if demand or data access require it. 20
Swell source
North swell, wrapped
Read by
Buoy 02, hours ahead
Also measured
BMS and the Port
Launch harbours
Worked from the nearest shelter
Each site is worked from a nearby harbour in a small boat, so cleaning visits and storm checks stay cheap and quick.
Soup Bowl
Tent Bay or Consett Bay
Maycocks
Six Men's, clear of the Arawak Cement jetty approach
South Point
Oistins, to be confirmed
08How far offshore
Outside the break, on flat ground.
The government's 1999 LiDAR survey shows each seabed in detail. 27 At Maycocks and South Point the 36 to 44 m target depth falls on a steep wall, so each buoy is placed on the flat ground beyond it.
Seabed profiles from each break, same scale
Rule 1
Clear of the surf zone
Spotter buoys must be moored outside the surf zone. Breaking waves corrupt the measurement. 5
Rule 2
In open water
An unobstructed site records incoming swell. A buoy inside a bay records only local conditions. 5
Rule 3
On sand, off the reef
Anchors sit on flat sand, away from coral, slopes and shipping lanes. A standard mooring suits up to 50 m; ours sit at 36 to 44 m. 2,5
09Seabed survey
Three moorings, placed on the survey.
Contours every 2 m, with the 36 to 44 m target depth in blue. The dashed line is the profile in the previous chapter; the orange dot is the proposed mooring on the flat beyond the slope.
01 · Soup Bowl
36 to 38 m terrace, 1.5 to 1.8 km north-east.
02 · Maycocks
36 to 38 m shelf below the drop-off, 1.6 to 1.8 km south-west.
03 · South Point
42 to 44 m basin beyond the wall, 1.3 to 1.5 km south-south-east.
Proposed mooring positions
Site
Depth
From the break
Ground
01 Soup Bowl
36 to 38 m
1.5 to 1.8 km, NE
Terrace beyond a steady slope
02 Maycocks
36 to 38 m
1.6 to 1.8 km, SW
Shelf below the drop-off
03 South Point
42 to 44 m
1.3 to 1.5 km, SSE
Basin beyond the wall
Site
01 Soup Bowl
Depth
36 to 38 m
From the break
1.5 to 1.8 km, NE
Ground
Terrace beyond a steady slope
Site
02 Maycocks
Depth
36 to 38 m
From the break
1.6 to 1.8 km, SW
Ground
Shelf below the drop-off
Site
03 South Point
Depth
42 to 44 m
From the break
1.3 to 1.5 km, SSE
Ground
Basin beyond the wall
The survey cannot tell sand from reef pavement and stops at 48 m. Each position is confirmed by a dive or drop camera before the anchor goes down.
Part 3 · Moored and deployed
10Installation
From survey to first reading.
Seven steps take each site from approval to live public data. The mooring specification and the full deployment procedure follow in the next two chapters.
01
Approvals and notice
Consent from CZMU, Port and Fisheries
02
Site survey
True depth and a sand bottom confirmed
03
Build moorings
Anchor, chain, riser, floats, loops
04
Bench test
Each buoy reports before leaving dock
05
Deploy
Anchor set in calm seas, diver checks
06
Commission
72 hours checked, then feed goes live
07
Maintain
Cleaned every 6 to 8 weeks, rigging yearly
The watch circle
The buoy swings on its mooring within a circle around the anchor. The dashboard raises an alert if it ever leaves that circle. Sizes by depth are in the next chapter.
Survey trip
Fix the spot
Deployment, hour 1
Lower the anchor
Deployment, hour 2
Attach and check
Within the hour
Go live
11Mooring specification
Light enough to follow the waves. Strong enough to stay put.
Each buoy is held by a double catenary mooring, the design Sofar recommends for open coastal sites with waves over 2 m. 5 Two slack loops let the buoy move freely with every wave, so the mooring never pulls it under or distorts the reading.
Double catenary mooring, keyed
Two slack loops held up by floats, then a long riser to chain and a clump anchor. Nothing is ever tight, so the buoy rides every wave and the anchor never feels a snatch.
Bill of materials, per buoy
Ballast chain
Supplied with the buoy
Swivels, two
Forged, 8 mm
Shackles, eight
Bow, 8 mm, moused
Thimbles, six
For 10 mm line
Line
10 mm 3-strand, sinking
Floats, two
300 mm trawl, 10 kg lift
Chain
6 mm, 5 m
Anchor
Three 23 kg kettlebells
Sizing by depth
Depth
Riser, m
Line, m
Radius
20 m
24 to 30
44 to 50
45 m
30 m
36 to 45
56 to 65
55 m
40 m
48 to 60
68 to 80
65 m
50 m
60 to 75
80 to 95
75 m
Depth
20 m
Riser, m
24 to 30
Line, m
44 to 50
Radius
45 m
Depth
30 m
Riser, m
36 to 45
Line, m
56 to 65
Radius
55 m
Depth
40 m
Riser, m
48 to 60
Line, m
68 to 80
Radius
65 m
Depth
50 m
Riser, m
60 to 75
Line, m
80 to 95
Radius
75 m
Riser is 1.2 to 1.5 times the surveyed depth. Line includes both 10 m loops. Radius is the largest watch circle. Exposed sites get a heavier anchor. All metal is 316 stainless, forged; never mix it with galvanised chain. 5
12Deployment procedure
One survey trip, one morning, in a calm window.
Everything is built, tested and documented on land. The morning on the water is then short and repeatable: a skipper, two crew and a diver, in seas under one metre, with the buoy reporting before the boat is back at the dock.
Confirm the site
Depth by sounder, bottom by diver or drop camera, on flat ground.
Step 7 of 12
Maintenance schedule
6 to 8 weeks
Clean hull, panels and line
Every visit
Check shackles and chafe
12 months
Renew line and hardware
After storms
Inspect, confirm position
Rules and safety
Weather
Under 1 m seas, 15 kt wind
Crew
Skipper, two crew, diver to 30 m
Handling
Gloves on, stay out of bights
Position
Past the surf zone, flat sand
Part 4 · What it costs
13Launch budget
BBD 99,468 in three phases, BBD 46,996 to start.
Launch cost, one-off
BBD 46,996USD 23,498
Soup Bowl buoy, installedBBD 22,134
Spotter, mooring, freight, duty, VAT, vessel and dive team
Spare buoy on islandBBD 17,708
Swapped in during cleaning or repair
Survey, permits and platformBBD 1,600
Site survey, CZMU permit, public website and data feed
Contingency and card feesBBD 5,554
10% contingency, 3% on donations
Phase 1 buys the first buoy, its spare and the platform everything else runs on. Card fees and a ten percent contingency are already inside the number.
Running cost after launch
BBD 13,900
USD 6,950 a year, one buoy in the water
Data plan, cleaning visits every six to eight weeks, rigging, callouts
A replacement reserve that grows each year
Hosting, alerts and public liability insurance
Not part of this ask. Covered by buoy partners and the paid data service once the buoys are in the water. Switch to the full network for the itemised year.
Item
BBD
USD
Per buoy, installed
Sofar Spotter wave buoy, delivered
List price, freight and brokerage; about 90 days of transmissions included 1,18
13,700
USD 6,850
6,850
Mooring hardware
Anchor, chain, line, floats, stainless fittings
1,800
USD 900
900
Import duty and VAT
Duty assumed at 10%, ruling and waiver sought; VAT at 17.5% 13
4,534
USD 2,267
2,267
Installation
Vessel and dive team, one day per site
2,100
USD 1,050
1,050
Per buoy, one complete installed site
22,134
USD 11,067
11,067
Phase 1, beta, 2027
Soup Bowl, one installed site
22,134
USD 11,067
11,067
Spare buoy on island, no mooring
17,708
USD 8,854
8,854
Survey, permits and platform
One site survey, applications, public website and feed
1,600
USD 800
800
Contingency and card fees
10% of the phase subtotal, plus 3% on donations
5,554
USD 2,777
2,777
Phase 1 total
46,996
USD 23,498
23,498
Phases 2 and 3, one buoy each
One installed buoy per phase
Maycocks in late 2027, South Point in spring 2028
22,134
USD 11,067
11,067
Site survey and permits
1,000
USD 500
500
Contingency and card fees
10% of the phase subtotal, plus 3% on donations
3,102
USD 1,551
1,551
Per phase total
26,236
USD 13,118
13,118
Total funding target, three phases
99,468
USD 49,734
49,734
If duty is waived, BBD 7,074 of duty and the VAT on it moves to the reserve. A fourth buoy at Sandy Lane would add about BBD 26,236. Mooring, freight, vessel and dive costs are planning estimates.
14Operating budget
BBD 33,000 a year to keep three buoys reporting.
Annual item, full network
BBD
USD
Data transmission
Mobile line, satellite backup line and fallback credits, USD 1,200 per buoy 18
Telemetry assumes mobile coverage with satellite backup, at Sofar's 2026 rates; satellite only would cost USD 1,470 to 2,700 per buoy a year. Local services include VAT. No salaries: management and the platform are contributed in kind.
Phase 1, one buoy
BBD 13,900
A year; telemetry from day 91
Per buoy, full network
BBD 11,000
Shared costs spread over three
Per day
BBD 90
For the whole network
Cumulative cost, launch plus running, BBDScale ends at the reference, BBD 390,000
Phase 1BBD 46,996
End 2027BBD 56,263
End 2028, Phases 2 and 3BBD 137,735
End 2029BBD 170,735
End 2030BBD 203,735
End 2031BBD 236,735
Purchase of three research-grade buoys aloneBBD 390,000
Five years of three live sites, with cleaning, data, callouts and a replacement reserve, for about 61 percent of what three research-grade buoys cost to buy before anyone has moored them.
Part 5 · The data
15Data and sustainability
Free for the public. Funded by those who build on it.
Public access stays free for good. Running costs are covered by organisations that build services on the data, and by partners who put their name on a buoy.
Tier 1 · Public
Free
Live readings online
Seven days of history
Open government feed
Tier 2 · Commercial
Subscription
Real-time data API
Full spectra and archive
Threshold alerts
Tier 3 · Partner
Naming
Buoy named for partner
Logo on live readings
Annual impact report
Covering the running costs
Three buoy partners
22,500
Six Starter and two Professional API subscribers
13,200
One Enterprise agreement at BBD 500 a month
6,000
Annual income, BBD
41,700
Partners at BBD 7,500 a year; API tiers in chapter 17. Covers the BBD 33,000 operating cost. Targets, not commitments.
Data principles
Published within minutes of receipt
Archive owned here, shared free with government
Quality notes after every service visit
Commercial terms never restrict public or government access
16How we will use the data
One live feed. A tool for every group.
Fluctus runs its own public website and app, then shapes the same readings into a different tool for each audience. Every product below is built on one open data feed.
Surfers
Live break pages
Height, period, direction
Swell arrival alerts
Model against measured
Surf events
Contest dashboard
Live data on the event page
Call-day planning view
Archive to pitch future events
Fisherfolk
Sea state, plainly
Calm, moderate or rough
WhatsApp alert at dawn
Thresholds set with fishers
Charters, pleasure craft
Day planner
Comfort rating per coast
Widget for booking pages
Pick the sheltered coast
Coast Guard, emergency
Operations feed
Wave and pressure alerts
Live sea state by API
Report after every storm
Coastal management, research
Open archive
Full history as CSV, free
Event summaries for erosion
Direct feed to CZMU and UWI
How it is built
Source
Buoy to Sofar cloud
Ingest
Pulled by API in minutes
Store
Owned by the project
Publish
Site, app, alerts and API
What it costs
Build, by the team
In kind
Setup and domain
BBD 600
Yearly hosting, alerts
BBD 600
Public access, always
Free
17Paid data API
A paid API for businesses. Free for everyone else.
Companies that build products or services on the readings pay for a documented, reliable feed with service levels. Those fees fund the buoys. Public and government access stays free.
Illustrative. Field names and paths are finalised with the first partners before launch. Public and government access stays free; companies that build products on the feed pay for a documented service with uptime commitments, and those fees run the buoys.
Who would use it
Forecasters
Surf and marine forecasts
Operators
Catamaran, dive, fishing
Hospitality
Hotel apps, lobby screens
Media
Broadcasts, news graphics
Consultants
Coastal engineers, insurers
Licensing and service levels
Public data is released under an open attribution licence. Government agencies receive everything free with no restrictions. Commercial subscribers may not resell the raw feed. Readings are published within minutes of receipt, with a public status page, versioned documentation, and advance notice of any change to the API.
Part 6 · Delivery
18Phased rollout
One buoy first. Then the network.
Soup Bowl goes in first, in the late April to June 2027 lull, and runs as a public beta through the hurricane season. Maycocks follows for the 2027 to 2028 north-swell season and South Point before the 2028 hurricane season, each once the buoy before it has proved itself. Each phase is funded, approved and reported on its own.
Phase 1 · Beta, 2027
Soup Bowl
Site
Soup Bowl, east
Buoys
One, plus spare
Deploy
Apr to Jun 2027
Review
End of Oct 2027
Launch
BBD 46,996
Per year
BBD 13,900
Phase 2 · North, 2027
Maycocks
Site
Maycocks
Buoys
One
Deploy
Nov 2027
Review
March 2028
Launch
BBD 26,236
Per year
BBD 23,400
Phase 3 · South, 2028
South Point
Site
South Point
Buoys
One
Deploy
Apr to Jun 2028
Review
Mid 2028
Launch
BBD 26,236
Per year
BBD 33,000
Test 1
Reliability
95% of half-hourly readings published within 10 minutes of receipt.
Test 2
Survival
Mooring holds its watch circle all season, with every inspection logged.
Test 3
Accuracy
Readings compared with the BMS and CIMH buoys and the models; error report published.
Test 4
Adoption
500 regular monthly users of the live page and one buoy partner signed.
The decision gate
At the end of October 2027 the organisers, the partners and CZMU review the beta against the four tests. Pass, and the Maycocks order goes in for the November window; a second review in March 2028 releases South Point. Fall short, and the beta is extended and fixed before another buoy is bought.
Why Soup Bowl first
It is the cleanest read of Atlantic swell, the island's flagship wave, and the most demanding coast to service. A mooring and a service routine that work at Bathsheba will work anywhere on the island, and the data is in place for the Barbados Surf Pro each March.
19Delivery and approvals
In the water in three seasons.
Soup Bowl goes in during the late April to June 2027 lull and runs as a beta through the hurricane season. Maycocks follows in November 2027, South Point in April to June 2028.
Q4 26
Q1 27
Q2 27
Q3 27
Q4 27
Q1 28
Q2 28
Fundraising, three phases
Approvals and permits
Order and import buoys
Deploy Soup Bowl
Public beta, hurricane season
Deploy Maycocks
Deploy South Point
Work Waiting on others, or running Buoy goes in
A
Coastal Zone Management Unit
Research permit, six weeks; Marine Spatial Plan lead. 15
B
Barbados Port Inc.
Harbour approaches, Notice to Mariners, charting. 19
C
National Conservation Commission
Launch-site access; partner in the BMS buoy work. 22
D
Fisheries Division
Clear of fishing grounds and fish aggregating devices.
E
Barbados Coast Guard
Positions notified for safety and search and rescue.
F
Customs and Excise
Tariff ruling; a waiver is for the Ministry of Finance.
Governance
A registered non-profit CSO owns the buoys and data, holds the Sofar subscription and a dedicated account, and publishes annual accounts.
Reporting
Quarterly public updates on uptime, spend and incidents. An annual report to partners, funders and the agencies that approved the sites.
20Risks
Planned for the sea we actually have.
Ten risks, each with a plan. Likelihood and impact are rated low, medium or high.
Likelihood against impact
High
Medium
Low
Low
Medium
High
Impact
Rows: likelihood. Tinted cells need the most attention.
Risk 1 of 10
Hurricane or storm damage
Likelihood mediumImpact high
What we do about it
Buoys recovered before named storms when safe. Spare held on island; reserve grows yearly.
21How to support
Help put Fluctus in the water.
Six ways to take part, from funding a whole buoy to sharing a boat for a day. Phase 1 needs BBD 46,996 by March 2027.
01
Fund a buoy
BBD 22,134 installs one complete buoy, with naming rights.
02
Buoy partner
BBD 7,500 a year covers most of one buoy's running cost, under your name.
03
Grant funding
GEF Small Grants, up to USD 50,000, via a registered CSO. 16
04
In-kind support
Vessel time, dive teams, storage, brokerage or legal services.
05
Data subscriber
Commit early to the commercial data service for your business.
06
Letter of support
From agencies, associations and businesses, for grant bids.
Proposed partners
To be approached. None has yet committed.
Coastal Zone Management Unit
Barbados Port Inc.
Fisheries Division
Barbados Coast Guard
Barbados Meteorological Services
Barbados Surfing Association
UWI CERMES
Bellairs Research Institute
Project leads
Contact details are in the footer of the site.
Adam Worrell
Co-organiser
Teddy Allen
Co-organiser
22Assumptions and sources
How the numbers were built.
Prices and rates
BBD 2.00 to USD 1.00, fixed
Sofar list and data prices, 2026
Duty 10% pending ruling; VAT 17.5%
Estimates to confirm
Mooring, freight, vessel and dive costs
Offshore distances and depths
Income figures in chapter 15
01Sofar Ocean. Spotter product page and shop listing, from USD 6,600.sofarocean.com
02Sofar Ocean. Spotter specifications: advised mooring depth 5 to 300 m, SST accuracy, visibility light.sofarocean.com
03Beckman, J. N. and Long, J. W. (2022). Quantifying errors in wind and wave measurements from a compact, low-cost wave buoy. Frontiers in Marine Science 9:966855.
04Leonard, L. (2022). Exploring lower cost alternatives to measure waves: the UNCW experience. SECOORA Annual Meeting.secoora.org
21IMOS, University of Western Australia. Low Cost Wave Buoy Technology programme.imos.org.au
22Barbados Today (30 April 2025). Met Services unveil new tools for early warning: BMS Spotter buoy off the west coast and the USV Seawolf.barbadostoday.bb
23Caribbean Development Bank (2024). Technical assistance paper, Strengthening Institutional Capacity for a Resilient Caribbean Coastal and Marine Environment: near-coastal buoy network; MAGPIE Spotter at Ragged Point.caribank.org
24Newsline TCI (21 July 2026) and SKNIS (8 September 2026). CIMH regional marine observation network deployments.newslinetci.com
25FAO (2005). Fishery country profile, Barbados: landing sites and fleet.fao.org
26Hawkins, T. W., Gouirand, I., Allen, T. and Belmadani, A. (2022). Atmospheric drivers of oceanic north swells in the eastern Caribbean. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10(2):183.
27Coastal Zone Management Unit (1999). Airborne LiDAR bathymetry of Barbados, 2 m contours to 48 m, via AmeriGEOSS.data.amerigeoss.org
All figures are in Barbados dollars with United States dollars alongside, at the fixed rate of BBD 2.00 to USD 1.00. Supplier prices are list prices at November 2026.